Since the size of the die hole for drawing is smaller than the outer diameter of the billet before drawing (excluding expansion drawing), in order to ensure that the front end of the billet can smoothly pass through the die hole so that the clamping jaw of the drawing trolley can grip the head of the billet, it is necessary to point the head of the billet before drawing (by rolling the end of the billet to make its outer diameter smaller than the size of the die hole). For this purpose, the billet should first be heated in a seam-type heating furnace for a certain length of the tube end, typically 150~200mm, with a heating temperature ranging from 750~900℃ depending on the wall thickness. Then, use an air hammer weighing 75~300 kilograms to point and roll the head of the billet. Generally, billets with a diameter of less than 22mm can be pointed using a rotary forging hammer or a roll forging machine.
To eliminate defects and enhance plasticity, precision seamless tubes undergo heat treatment and acid pickling before drawing. After acid pickling, residual acid is removed, followed by water washing and drying. Alternatively, mechanical methods such as shot blasting and sandblasting can be used to remove iron oxide scale instead of acid pickling.
To reduce the friction between the precision seamless tube and the tool surface during tube drawing, thereby minimizing tool wear, extending its service life, and reducing energy consumption, and ultimately ensuring the quality of the precision seamless tube, a lubricant should be applied to the raw tube before cold drawing.
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